https://echabot.substack.com/p/but-i-only-believe-in-things-i-can"
"
If we cannot see God, then God does not exist.
We cannot see God.
Therefore, God does not exist.
What is wrong with this argument?
First, many people assume it is irrational to believe in God unless God’s existence can be verified through the empirical method. In other words, many skeptics reject God because they cannot verify His existence by utilizing their five senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, and touching). For them, something is real only if it is visible or empirically detectable.
This idea is related to the “principle of empirical verifiability,” which was championed by philosopher A.J. Ayer and became influential in many philosophy departments during the twentieth century. However, this view suffers from a serious problem: it is self-refuting.
Consider the statement, “A belief is only true if it can be tested by the five senses.” Can that statement itself be tested by the five senses? No, it cannot. The principle fails its own test. Therefore, if someone says, “I only believe what I can see,” he or she would be unable to justify that belief, since the belief itself is not visible and cannot be observed through the senses.
Second, the objection commits what philosophers call a category mistake. A category mistake occurs when we assign something a property that applies only to objects belonging to a different category. In this case, people confuse the categories of the created and the uncreated, the material and the immaterial.
To assume that there are no immaterial realities is clearly false. Many things we accept as real are not material objects. From the perspective of historic Christianity, God is not a created being and therefore does not possess physical composition as created things do. Scripture teaches that God is spirit (John 4:24). He has no physical parts and is not composed of matter. Likewise, the Bible warns against making physical images of God (Exodus 20:4).
The Hebrew word echad (”one”) leaves room for a plurality within a unity of essence, but it does not imply a plurality of beings or physical parts within God. Therefore, expecting God to be visible in the same way as a material object is a category mistake. The God of the Bible is uncreated, immaterial, and transcendent.
Third, there are many realities that we cannot see directly, yet we readily accept their existence. Consider the following examples:
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Individual atoms
Electric fields
Magnetic fields
Gravitational fields
Justice
The consciousness of other human beings
The wind
None of these things are directly visible to us. Yet we believe they exist.
Some may object by saying, “We can infer the existence of electrons by observing the behavior of charged particles,” or “We can infer the existence of electric and magnetic fields from their effects.” Likewise, someone may say, “I know the wind exists because I can see tree branches moving.”
Exactly.
We accept the existence of many things because we observe their effects and infer their existence. We do not see the thing directly, but we recognize that it is the best explanation for the evidence before us.
Christians argue that we can similarly infer the existence of God from His effects in the world. The universe, the fine-tuning of nature, the existence of objective moral values, consciousness, rationality, and historical evidence for Jesus all serve as data points that point beyond themselves. Inferential reasoning is an essential part of how we come to know truth.
An inference is a conclusion drawn from evidence and reasoning. Much of what we know about the world comes through inference rather than direct observation.
Of course, if someone is committed to philosophical naturalism—the belief that nothing exists beyond the material universe—he or she will tend to interpret every piece of evidence in a way that confirms that worldview. Presuppositions matter. People often arrive at different conclusions not because they possess different evidence, but because they interpret the same evidence through different philosophical lenses.
The point is simple: the inability to see God is not evidence that God does not exist. We routinely believe in realities that cannot be directly observed because we can infer their existence from their effects. The question, therefore, is not whether God can be seen, but whether the evidence we observe is best explained by God’s existence.
Many of these points are discussed in the book God and Atheist Objections: An Ex-Atheist Scientist Responds to 130+ Objections, which provides helpful responses to common challenges raised against belief in God."