In the parable of the Good Samaritan, many progressive christians love to focus on the social justice aspects of the parable. On the aspects of helping those in need. While that is certainly part of the parable, I'm not sure it's the whole thing.
Strangely enough, many progressive christians also deny things like the existence of an afterlife, the notion of a "Heaven" and a "Hell" (especially the latter), or the notion of a judgement. Yet, let's look at the question that was asked.
"On one occasion an expert in the law stood up to test Jesus. “Teacher,” he asked, “what must I do to inherit eternal life?”
Let's start with the obvious, either the lawyer was lying, or he was acknowledging that Jesus was in fact a "teacher" or "rabbi".
But, the question is about what must be done to "inherit eternal life". This implies that there is "eternal life", and that one must do something in order to "inherit eternal life". I think that most people would argue that "eternal life" is the equivalent of "Heaven", or "Paradise" (as Jesus referred to it). I also thing that the question certainly implies that "eternal life" is something to be desired.
Jesus response is also interesting.
“What is written in the Law?” he replied. “How do you read it?”
Jesus seems pretty clear that the answer the lawyer seeks can be found in "the Law". Now, the Law could be referring to the part of the Hebrew scriptures that is known as "the Law", or it could be shorthand for the entire Hebrew scriptures. (The OT as we'd refer to it)
If Jesus was referring to only the books of the Law, also known as the Torah, he was referring to The what are now called;Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. So, it's reasonable to conclude that Jesus is telling the lawyer (and the reader) that one can find all of the knowledge necessary for "eternal life". Given the reality that many progressive christians tend not to take these five books literally, instead consigning them to the realm of "myth", it seems strange that Jesus would say this. Of course if "eternal life"/Heaven doesn't exist or if everyone gets in, then it doesn't really matter, does it? Obviously, if Jesus is referring to the entire Hebrew scriptures (The Tanakh), then the basic point is still valid as the Tanakh contains the Torah.
Finally, the lawyer answers, and he goes straight for Deuteronomy.
"He
answered, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all
your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind’; and, ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’”
Jesus responds, “You have answered correctly,” Jesus replied. “Do this and you will live.”.
It's interesting, that the conversation should have ended right here. The lawyer got the right answer. He knows the secret. But he wants to "justify himself" and it goes on from there.
This seems pretty simple to me. Love God with every part of your being, and other people as much as you love yourself. The "who's my neighbor" question was a stupid and pointless attempt to get Jesus to say something that could be used against Him.
We know the rest, and Jesus hammers home His point by giving the lawyer a hypothetical that turns everything upside down. The reality is that when you follow the first commandment, the second should flow naturally.
A little confession here, even though I know this, I certainly don't love God with my entire being. Because my sin prevents me from the first, I often fail at the second. Which is why I thank God for his mercy and grace in redeeming me, and taking the burden away from my and my efforts.
Now, maybe that's really the point. That we CAN'T love God with our entire being because of our sin, which effects how we relate to others, and that the real answer the lawyer sought was standing right in front of him ready to pay the price for him.