“Let me see if I understand,” I said
to my daughter’s high school biology teacher. “The human eye is the
evolutionary product of a light-sensitive spot on the skin. Is that
right?”
“Right,” she said.
“And by evolution, you mean a mindless,
random process that didn’t really have an end in mind. In other words,
there was no “designer” for the eye or the body for that matter. Am I
getting that right?”
“Right again,” she replied.
But how could an undirected process
produce such highly functional complexity, I wondered aloud. She gave me
a look that said, “you really don’t have the time or, probably, the
background to understand, so do we really have to go there?”
We did, and I persisted, trying another tack that I had been wondering about for a while.
“Okay, well let me ask you just a few
questions” I countered. “Would you agree that evolution as you
understand it is a gradual process of adaptation over time, where
changes that are advantageous accumulate?”
“Yes,” came her quick reply.
“Would you agree that over time these
gradual adaptations would lead to the development of complex systems,
such as organ systems?”
“Yes, that makes sense,” she said.
“Would you also agree,” I pressed,
“that, generally speaking, the more complex the system, the longer it
would take for these gradual adaptations to evolve so that a complex
system would take longer to evolve than a less complex system?”
“Yes.” The response was a bit slower, more thoughtful.
Shifting gears a bit, I asked, “In
the field of human biology, would you agree that generally speaking, the
human female reproductive system is considerably more complex than its
male counterpart?”
“I’m not sure what you mean,” she queried.
“Well,” I started, “the male half of
the equation involves dividing cells to get to 23 chromosomes and
providing a, uh, delivery mechanism. The female system involves the
production of eggs, the delivery of the eggs to a specific location, the
means for implantation, and if that occurs, the creation of a placenta
that is fine-tuned to support the development of the life that is
growing. The whole system must work in conjunction with the woman’s
body, provide for correction of any mistakes occurring to minimize
miscarriages, screen the fetus from harmful substances in the woman’s
blood, connect the fetus to the mother by means of a two-way umbilical
cord, and provide a method for the baby to be safely delivered into the
world. More amazingly, the two systems must somehow recognize each other
and work together, so that the 23 chromosomes from each half form a
single cell that has the complete instructions for a new human life to
begin. This seems like a pretty complex, interconnected, and
interdependent system requiring multiple components to work just right.
And yet it does work right millions and millions of times.”
“I suppose there’s something to that, but” she hesitated, “what’s your point?” Her tone matched her more serious expression.
“Just this,” I responded. “What exactly were all those men doing generation after generation waiting for the first fully functional female to evolve?”
She stared at me, no doubt wondering
whether I was trying to mock her. But, though my question was of course
facetious, I wanted to know where my logic was flawed. After all, the
premises seem valid. If designed,
it makes perfect sense that God could create a system in which some
parts are more complex than others, and still have them work together
for a purpose. But how could mammalian sexual reproduction – involving
separate male and female individuals -ever evolve simultaneously?
I wanted to know where that very first human male and very first human
female came from. She took a deep breath and began her answer…. and it
didn’t have anything to do with God.
“Well, it didn’t work that way,” she
said. “Evolution occurred gradually, over time, as the predecessors to
humans slowly began to change.”
“Fair enough,” I responded. “So, tell
me about that first pair of monkeys, the very first male and female
monkey from which you say we evolved.”
“Well,” she began, formulating her
thoughts, “it didn’t work that way.” I gave her a quizzical look and she
continued. “Those predecessors also evolved slowly, over time, from
still more primitive forms of life.”
I was patient. “Like what?” I asked. I
don’t think anyone had pressed her for answers like this, but after all
I wasn’t worried about getting a grade. My daughter, on the other hand,
probably wouldn’t be too thrilled about dad’s efforts at higher
learning. Luckily, she wasn’t nearby.
In answer, the teacher started to
explain that monkeys had evolved from still lower forms of life. It was a
long process with smaller animals making adaptations, adding features,
becoming larger. It all sounded quite vague and fuzzy, as she painted
the picture of a planet teeming with life of various kinds, widely
dispersed, and being driven by this engine of evolution.
I
tried to stay on track with her. Then she made the jump that I was
expecting – she started talking about life emerging from the primitive
seas. Single-celled life forms that began to replicate and pass their
DNA on to the next generation. She paused when she saw me starting to
shake my head.
“Wait a sec,” I said. “You’re getting
ahead of me, or perhaps more precisely, you’re moving back too far.
I’ll grant you that life first began in the seas, but even if I grant
you the ‘primordial soup’ theory, you’re still making quite a jump. What
I want to focus on are the first male and female land mammals. If we
wind the clock back, there must be a point on the early Earth in which
there are no mammals walking the land. None whatsoever. Whatever life
exists, it hasn’t yet evolved to sexually reproducing, warm-blooded
mammals. Before that point, maybe there’s life in the sea, but the land
is barren; after that point, the land begins to get populated. You with
me?”
She nodded.
“I’d like to know what model science has to explain how that first began. That first couple.”
She was still formulating an answer, so I
pressed on. “I can understand that once you have thousands of fully
functioning mammals that over time they may begin to change, especially
if subjected to some environmental challenge. That makes perfect sense,
whether it is directed by the genes, as I believe was designed into
them, or whether it’s a random process. But tell me how the first pair
appeared on the land.”
https://crossexamined.org/problems-with-evolutionary-biology